Population: 6,010.688 thousand people (2011)
Area: 180533.0 sq. km
The 24th state of the federation, Missouri, is located in the Midwest of the United States. Its capital is Jefferson City and its major cities are Kansas City and St. Louis. In terms of land area, Missouri is ranked 21st in the state. The western part of the state shares borders with Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, the northern territories border with Iowa, in the east – with Tennessee, Kentucky and Illinois, in the south – with Arkansas.
In the south of the state is the limestone plateau of the Ozarks. The relief is conditioned by the river valleys of the Mississippi in the east, the Missouri in the center and in the northwest. The capital city is a major highway and railway junction. There are two international air ports on its territory. In 1803, the lands of the modern state, which at that time were part of the province of Louisiana, were purchased by the United States from France.
The Missouri territory became part of the state in the late summer of 1821. At the moment, the state has a Constitution, which was adopted in 1945 and is the fourth in a row. In the middle of the 19th century, farms and plantations were developed in Missouri, where slave labor was used. In 1854, Missourians volunteered to take part in the Kansas Civil War.
At the end of November 1861, another government was formed in the state, which decided to withdraw from the federation and join the separatists. However, the plans were not destined to come true, and order resumed again in the state. At the end of the Civil War, the state became a transit territory through which most of the cargo was transported to the Pacific coast. With the development of rail lines, the cities of Kansas City and St. Louis gained importance.
On the lands of Missouri there are significant mineral deposits, including limestone and coal. One of the priority places in the country is occupied by enterprises for the production of lime in the state. Here are located large-scale production of the chemical, printing and food industries, as well as the production of transport and electrical equipment. In agricultural areas, they are engaged in animal husbandry, the cultivation of soybeans and grain crops.
JEFFERSON CITY
Jefferson City is the capital of Missouri and the county seat of Cole County. It is located on the right bank of the river that gave the state its name, in the northern part of the low, hilly plateau of the Ozarks. Often Jefferson City is referred to as Jeff City or simply Jeff.
In the pre-Columbian era, representatives of the culture of the builders of the mounds lived here, but immediately before the arrival of the Europeans, the Osage tribes inhabited this area. The official date of the founding of the city is considered to be 1821, when the capital of Missouri was transferred here from St. Louis. However, a settlement appeared here a little earlier, and was called Loman. It was made the capital, apparently, because of its location in the center of the Missouri territory. Then it was renamed in honor of the 3rd US President Thomas Jefferson. For a long time, the settlement that became a city in 1839 was an ordinary trading place halfway between Kansas City and St. Louis. In the year of the Civil War, Jefferson City was occupied by US troops, although the population was predominantly supportive of the Confederacy.
Jefferson City is a typical state capital. Here, about 40% of the working population works in the public sector. There is also a university, and cultural institutions, and sports arenas. The sights of Jefferson City include administrative buildings: the Missouri Capitol, the state courthouse. Of particular note is the old Missouri State Penitentiary, built in 1836. There are many American “celebrities” among its prisoners.
The Jefferson City area is sometimes called the Missouri Rhineland due to the fact that once German immigrants planted vineyards here, which still exist and are considered a tourist attraction.
INDEPENDENCE
Population: 117.213 thousand people (2011)
Area: 202.5 sq. km
Founded: 1827
Time zone: UTC-6, summer UTC-5
Altitude: 315 m
The city of Independence is located on the coast of the Missouri River in the western part of the state. It is a satellite of Kansas City and part of the conurbation of the same name. The city area lies in two counties – Jackson and Clay. The line of Independence is crossed by several historic roads, thanks to which it received its unofficial name “Royal City of Ways”. Harry Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, is considered its most famous citizen. He spent most of his life in the city and was buried here. Independence is also known as the birthplace of the Latter Day Saint Movement.
The area where the city is now located, before the arrival of Europeans, served as the habitat of the Siouan peoples, in particular the Osage Indians. The settlement founded here only after the Louisiana Purchase became owned by the United States. Previously, the local area was a French possession in North America. Growing from a small settlement, Independence became a city in 1827. In a short period of time, it has transformed into one of the most important frontier cities.
In 1831, the temple of Lot was founded in the city. It was founded by the leader of the Latter Day Saint Movement, Joseph Smith. Two years later, the group was forced to leave the city due to a conflict with the local population. But this did not end the disagreement. As a result, the Mormon War broke out on this basis. Over time, in 1867, such movements as the Church of Christ and the Community of Christ returned to the city. In the modern city there are many cultural and educational institutions, in particular, higher schools, colleges, universities, museums.
Independence, Missouri
Independence, Missouri, a city situated in the western part of the state, holds a significant place in American history as the hometown of President Harry S. Truman and a key starting point for westward expansion. The city’s history is deeply intertwined with the growth of the United States, particularly during the 19th century, and its climate reflects the characteristics of the central United States.
The history of Independence dates back to the early 19th century when it was founded in 1827. The city became a focal point for pioneers heading westward along the Oregon, California, and Santa Fe Trails. Independence served as the final jumping-off point for these trails, marking the beginning of the journey for countless settlers seeking new opportunities and adventures in the American West.
Independence played a pivotal role in the development of the Santa Fe Trail, which opened trade routes to Santa Fe, New Mexico. The city’s strategic location made it a bustling hub for commerce and a gateway to the western frontier. Additionally, the establishment of the Oregon and California Trails further solidified Independence’s significance in the westward expansion of the United States.
In 1831, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) was founded in Independence by Joseph Smith, who declared it the “center place” for the New Jerusalem. However, conflicts between the LDS community and local residents led to the expulsion of the Mormons from Independence in 1833.
Independence’s connection to President Harry S. Truman adds another layer to its historical significance. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, was born in Lamar, Missouri, but spent most of his formative years in Independence. His legacy is preserved in sites like the Harry S. Truman National Historic Site, which includes the Truman Home and the Truman Presidential Library and Museum.
According to Smartercomputing, the climate of Independence is characteristic of the central United States, with four distinct seasons. Summers are warm, with average high temperatures in the 80s and 90s Fahrenheit (27-37°C), while winters are cold, with average highs in the 30s and 40s Fahrenheit (-1 to 7°C). The city experiences moderate precipitation throughout the year, with occasional snowfall in the winter months.
The changing seasons contribute to a variety of outdoor activities enjoyed by Independence residents. The city’s parks and green spaces offer opportunities for recreational activities, including hiking, biking, and picnicking. The scenic Little Blue River, flowing through Independence, adds to the natural beauty of the area.
Independence’s commitment to preserving its history is evident in its well-preserved historic districts and landmarks. The Independence Square Historic District features 19th-century architecture, including the 1827 Log Courthouse, which is the oldest building in Jackson County. The Vaile Mansion, a Victorian mansion built in 1881, offers a glimpse into the city’s prosperous past.
Cultural events and festivals contribute to Independence’s vibrant community. The city hosts the Santa-Cali-Gon Days Festival, celebrating the pioneer spirit and the city’s role in westward expansion. The Truman Heritage Festival honors the legacy of President Truman, showcasing local history and culture.
Independence has undergone urban revitalization efforts to enhance its downtown area and promote economic development. The Independence Events Center, a multi-purpose venue, serves as a hub for entertainment, sports, and community events. The city’s commitment to preserving its historic character while embracing modern amenities contributes to a balanced and inviting urban environment.
Economic diversification has been a focus for Independence, with a mix of industries contributing to its economy. The city’s strategic location near major highways and its proximity to the Kansas City metropolitan area contribute to its accessibility and economic viability.
Independence, Missouri, stands as a city with a rich history deeply rooted in the westward expansion of the United States. From its role as a vital starting point for pioneers embarking on the Oregon, California, and Santa Fe Trails to its connection to President Harry S. Truman, Independence reflects the spirit of exploration and growth that shaped the nation. The city’s central location, diverse economy, and commitment to preserving its heritage make Independence a distinctive and historically significant community in the heartland of America.
